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Providers and payers alike are increasingly frustrated with the limitations of existing healthcare payment systems. Critics of current models argue that fee-for-service (FFS) payments provide an incentive to do too much, capitated systems encourage providers to do too little, and consumer-driven health plans often lead consumers to seek little care-or no care at all. On top of that, purchasers-everyone from private employers to CMS-chafe at the limitations of many pay-for-performance (P4P) programs to demonstrate improved quality.