Childbirth is the leading reason for hospitalization in the United States and one of the top reasons for outpatient visits, yet much maternity care consists of high-tech procedures that lack scientific evidence of benefit for most women, according to a report. U.S. hospital charges for maternal and newborn care jumped from $79 billion in 2005 to $86 billion in 2006, and reducing expensive techniques such as C-sections, as well as increasing low-cost approaches such as childbirth assistants, would improve mothers' and babies' health while cutting costs, the authors say.