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How UnitedHealth became an American Goliath

By The Wall Street Journal  
   December 31, 2024

An outpouring of public rage against health insurers in the wake of the killing of a top UnitedHealth Group executive has drawn scrutiny to the country's largest healthcare company. UnitedHealth recorded $372 billion in revenue last year—making it about the same size as Apple. It owns the biggest U.S. health insurer, and has expanded into almost every corner of the medical field. The company was founded in Minnesota in the 1970s. Its growth came in part through scores of acquisitions, some with price tags that were never made public. The company has confronted and mostly overcome antitrust challenges to its influence over healthcare markets. UnitedHealth said the company accounts for less than 10% of a "highly fragmented and competitive healthcare market," and that "fragmentation is a core problem for patients and providers, diminishing outcomes, quality and affordability, and our approach is intended to make healthcare work better for all."

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