For years, nurses have been subordinate to doctors — both in the exam room and the political arena. But aided by new allies ranging from the AARP to social workers and health-policy experts, nursing groups are pressing ahead in a controversial bid to persuade state lawmakers to shift the balance of power. In 11 states, they are pushing legislation that would permit nurses with a master's degree or higher to order and interpret diagnostic tests, prescribe medications and administer treatments without physician oversight. Similar legislation is likely to be introduced soon in three other states.