Median compensation for practice administrators in 2010 showed little change from 2009, according to the Medical Group Management Association's Management Compensation Survey: 2011 Report Based on 2010 Data.
Administrators in practices with six or fewer full-time-equivalent physicians earned median compensation of $86,459, a slight decrease from 2009. Administrators in practices with seven to 25 FTE physicians reported median compensation of $115,000—an increase of only 0.28% from 2009. In groups with 26 or more FTE physicians, administrators reported median compensation of $150,756, the MGMA report said.
Some medical practice management professionals reported slight increases in compensation, likely in recognition of expanded responsibilities. Business service directors, for example, reported a 5.7% increase in median compensation to $88,540. Branch/satellite clinic managers also saw a modest increase in median compensation to $57,510, up 2.57%. Marketing/communications specialists earned median compensation of $49,262, up 0.74 percent since last year, the report said.
"The generally static compensation of practice management professionals reflects the difficult economic environment faced by medical practices," MGMA President/CEO William F. Jessee, MD, said in a media release detailing the report. "Flat or declining revenues in the face of continuing increases in operating costs are forcing many practices to sell or close. For those that are able to survive, compensation levels are generally flat or declining."
MGMA's Management Compensation Survey: 2011 Report Based on 2010 Data includes data on 7,240 managers in 1,287 medical practices.
Duke LifePoint Healthcare and the board of directors at Maria Parham Medical Center on Monday signed a joint operating agreement for the 102-bed community hospital in Henderson, NC.
The deal, first announced Jan. 31, is expected to close within the next three months pending regulatory approval.
Duke LifePoint will own 80% of the hospital, while the retained assets and the proceeds from the deal will eliminate MPMC's debt. The remaining assets, approximately $30 million, will be used to create a locally governed charitable foundation that will fund new programs and services in the community. Duke LifePoint also will invest $45 million in capital improvements at the hospital over the next 10 years, the partners said.
David Ruggles, a spokesman for the private, nonprofit Maria Parham, said specific financial terms of the deal would not be made public until it is approved by the North Carolina Attorney General's Office.
"The MPMC board of directors evaluated potential partnerships for a year before selecting Duke LifePoint as our partner of choice," said Bev Tucker, MD, chairman of the MPMC Board of Directors. "Throughout our due diligence process, we have grown even more enthusiastic about this collaboration. Duke LifePoint brings unparalleled clinical and operational support to this community and can give MPMC the resources and expertise it needs to transform healthcare in Henderson and strengthen and grow our hospital."
To retain community control of the hospital, a 10-member board will be equally represented by Duke LifePoint and MPMC appointees. A separate hospital advisory board of physicians, community leaders, MPMC President/CEO Robert Singletary, and a representative from Duke LifePoint also will be established.
The deal marks the second affiliation with North Carolina hospitals for Duke Life Point. In June, the 110-bedPerson Memorial Hospital in Roxboro announced a similar affiliation agreement.
Duke LifePoint said the collaboration provides the affiliated community hospitals with LifePoint's operational resources and experience in managing community-based hospitals, and Duke's clinical services and quality leadership.
"We are delighted about the opportunity to welcome Maria Parham Medical Center as the first hospital in the Duke LifePoint system," said William J. Fulkerson, Jr., MD, executive vice president of Duke University Health System. "As part of Duke LifePoint, the hospital will have access to the support it needs to better serve its community and prosper in the future."
Located 50 miles north of Raleigh, MPMC serves north central North Carolina and parts of southern Virginia.
Brentwood, TN-based LifePoint Hospitals operates 52 hospitals in 17 states, and specializes in community hospitals in non-urban markets where the hospital is the sole provider in most of the communities it serves.
Duke University Health System has inpatient and ambulatory locations across North Carolina and surrounding areas, and has partnered with hospitals in its region to establish specialized medical services in their communities.
A couple of months back I noted in this column that the American Society for Healthcare Human Resources Administration was conducting its 2011 Healthcare HR Initiatives Survey to discern the priorities of healthcare human resources executives.
The results are in and they mostly confirm what we already know: Healthcare HR executives are focused on retaining talent, and improving employee engagement as a means to enhance safety and patient satisfaction. These executives are doing all of this with an eye toward healthcare reform, and its impact on care delivery and reimbursement.
To me, even more telling is the nature of the questions themselves. They demonstrate that HR executives at successful healthcare organizations are still involved in the critical daily tactical operations that make complex healthcare organizations function. But the questions also show that those same executives have made the leap from tactical tasking to strategic thinking.
More than any other area of healthcare leadership, HR straddles a unique position between the strategic long view, and the rubber-hits-the-road tactical implementation. At the strategic level, it's about matching the employee with the mission. At the tactical level, it's about giving the employees the tools, training, and support they need to prosper.
Before we go on, let's look at some of the findings from the ASHHRA survey. Respondents were asked:
What are your HR initiatives to cut costs?
Streamline HR Processes (69% of respondents chose this)
Improve retention rates (66%)
Reduce reliance on agencies and temporary workers (34%)
Redesign compensation and benefits plans (32%)
What are your HR initiatives to improve patient satisfaction?
Align our workforce with our organization's mission and core values (64%)
What are your HR initiatives to improve patient safety?
Improve workforce education and development (67%)
Improve employee satisfaction (60%)
Identify and manage out low performers (59%)
Improve retention rates (49%)
Biggest challenges with achieving your HR initiatives?
Not enough time to focus on the important projects (62%)
Too many competing initiatives (56%)
No budget to implement programs (47%)
Inefficient systems, inadequate technology (43%)
What new technology are you planning to adopt to achieve your HR initiatives?
Performance management (appraisal) software (36%)
Social Media for recruiting (32%)
Time and Attendance/Workforce Scheduling Absence (24%)
Behavioral Assessments (24%)
It is heartening and reaffirming to see that HR understands – and is embracing -- its dual strategic and tactical roles in improving patient satisfaction and safety through employee engagement. Common sense -- and a growing body of practical experience -- tell us that neither of those critical quality benchmarks can be improved upon unless employees are happy and buy into the healing mission.
That engagement starts with HR's role in shaping the healing mission at the strategic level. On the tactical side, it is HR's job to help new employees during the recruiting and orientation process, using that introductory period to affirm the organization's mission. Good HR executives understand the need to developing tools, benefits, training programs, favorable scheduling options, and other processes that demonstrate management's commitment to staff, actions that help the employee grow with the organization
The "challenges" with the job that are detailed in the survey also point to the inherent frictions in HR's dual role. It's difficult to articulate long-range strategic HR goals when there isn't enough time, or there are too many competing initiatives clouding the picture, or the budget is too small, and the technology is antiquated.
No doubt these are frustrating practical problems that should be addressed. But they should not distract us from the fact that healthcare HR has gone strategic.
The Federal Trade Commission has ordered Cardinal Health, Inc. to sell nuclear pharmacies it bought two years ago from Biotech in Las Vegas, NV, Albuquerque, NM, and El Paso, TX. In a proposed settlement order this week, the FTC said the deal reduced competition for low-energy radiopharmaceuticals in the three southwestern cities.
In an e-mail to HealthLeaders, a Dublin, OH-based Cardinal Health representative said: "After our acquisition of Biotech, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) began an inquiry into the effect that the acquisition may have had on nuclear pharmacy competition in El Paso, Albuquerque and Las Vegas. We cooperated fully with the FTC inquiry and have voluntarily agreed to sell our three former nuclear pharmacies located in El Paso, Albuquerque and Las Vegas."
Before the July 2009 purchase, Cardinal and Biotech both operated nuclear pharmacies that produced, sold, and distributed low-energy radiopharmaceuticals in the three cities. After the acquisition, Cardinal relocated its nuclear pharmacy businesses to the former Biotech nuclear pharmacies and closed its own, FTC said.
Cardinal now holds a low-energy radiopharmaceuticals monopoly in Albuquerque. In El Paso, Cardinal held a monopoly until November 2010, when another nuclear pharmacy opened in the city. Cardinal still holds a large market share in El Paso. In Las Vegas, there were three competitors before the acquisition, and Cardinal and Biotech were the two leading providers. As a result of the acquisition, Cardinal obtained, and has since held, a large market share, FTC said.
The FTC order requires Cardinal to:
Reconstitute the three nuclear pharmacies it had operated in these markets prior to the acquisition, and sell each one to an FTC-approved buyer;
Divest to each buyer the intellectual property related to the nuclear pharmacies that Biotech owned before the acquisition;
Obtain, maintain, and transfer all regulatory approvals, licenses, permits, clearances, and other assets needed to operate the pharmacies being acquired;
Demonstrate to the FTC that each buyer has a supply of two vital low-energy radiopharmaceutical inputs, the radioisotope technetium 99 and a heart-perfusion agent;
Grant customers in Las Vegas, Albuquerque, and El Paso a two-year right to terminate – without penalty or charge – their existing contracts with Cardinal to buy low-energy radiopharmaceuticals. This will ensure that the new buyers can compete with Cardinal for business. Cardinal must notify customers of their right to terminate existing contracts;
Facilitate and not interfere with the new buyers' recruitment of former Biotech employees and current Cardinal nuclear pharmacy employees in the three cities, and releases employees from restrictions on their ability to work for the new buyers.
If new buyers are not found within six months, FTC said it may appoint a divestiture trustee to carry out the sale.
The FTC appointed Katherine L. Seifert, of Seifert and Associates, Inc., to serve as an independent monitor.
Following a 30-day public comment period that ends Aug. 22, the FTC will decide whether to make permanent the proposed order.
A consent order is for settlement purposes only and does not constitute an admission of a law violation.
Cardinal Health's statement to HealthLeaders further said: We will continue to operate our current nuclear pharmacies located in El Paso, Albuquerque and Las Vegas. Through the Biotech acquisition, Cardinal Health expanded our presence in PET manufacturing by adding additional cyclotrons to our network. These cyclotrons are not part of the sale offering. We intend to complete the sale of our three former nuclear pharmacies later this year. The sale of these nuclear pharmacies will not have a significant impact on Cardinal Health's financial performance.
The average per capita cost of healthcare services covered by commercial insurance and Medicare grew 5.58% over the 12 months ending in May.
The slight uptick in cost growth ends what had been 11 consecutive months of deceleration, as measured by the Standard & Poor's Healthcare Economic Indices.
Even with May's uptick in cost growth from the all time low of +5.37% posted in April, the rate of cost growth remains 3.16 percentage points below the highest rate for the Composite index, which was up 8.74% over the 12-months ending May 2010.
A further breakdown for the 12-month period ending in May 2011 shows that annual claims costs covered by commercial insurance increased by 7.35%, in the S&P Healthcare Economic Commercial Index. Medicare claim costs rose 2.64%, in the S&P Healthcare Economic Medicare Index. The Commercial and Medicare Indices are respectively 0.25 and 0.16 percentage points above their April annual rates.
"Over the past 12-15 months, the story has been a moderation in the rate of increase in healthcare cost, as indicated by the decelerating growth rates across the S&P Healthcare Economic Indices," David M. Blitzer, Chairman of the Index Committee at S&P Indices, said in a media release. "In fact, the Composite, Medicare and Hospital Indices all posted record low annual rates in their six-year history with April's report. Since May's data covers only one month, we need more time to determine if the trend is changing or if this is a temporary blip, like we saw in January.
Cost growth for commercial plans continues to outstrip cost growth for Medicare despite Medicare's older, sicker population and higher use of services.
"Unlike Medicare, throughout the past year the Commercial Index has remained well above its low annual growth rate of +6% posted in September 2005. Its May 2011 reading was +7.35%.," Blitzer said.
Lower volumes may be driving the deceleration in cost growth.
"In terms of what we are hearing from market participants, both office visit and hospital admission trends are relatively low, which may be a reflection of the overall consumer pullback in medical treatment," Blitzer said. "Furthermore, many participants have indicated that providers are trying to address healthcare reform and are looking for ways to control costs. If true, this combination certainly would be a contributory factor to the moderation in cost we have witnessed since early 2010."
S&P's Hospital and Professional Services Indices also reported increases of 5.08% and 5.91% respectively, slightly higher than the respective +4.85% and +5.71% posted in April.
Even with the deceleration, healthcare costs grew at nearly double the 3.4% growth in overall inflation as measured by the Consumer Price Index for the same 12-month period ending in May, Bureau of Labor Statistics data show.
The S&P Healthcare Economic Indices estimate the per capita change in revenues accrued each month by hospital and professional services facilities for services provided to patients covered under traditional Medicare and commercial health insurance programs. The annual growth rates are determined by calculating a percent change of the 12-month moving averages of the monthly index levels versus the same month of the prior year, S&P said.
Baystate Health said it will eliminate 354 jobs from its payroll --- including 169 filled positions -- to help offset financial woes that the Springfield, MA health system blames mainly on lower patient volumes and reduced Medicaid reimbursements.
Baystate projects a $25 million budget shortfall in 2011 growing to $54 million in 2012 unless expenses are reduced.
“At Baystate Health, we embrace changing models of patient care and health coverage expansion – however, these changes are not based on a properly funded plan,” Mark R. Tolosky, president/CEO of private, not-for-profit Baystate Health, said in a media release. “Massachusetts has expanded and enhanced healthcare for our residents which we applaud – but the Commonwealth is not paying for these commitments.”
Tolosky said Massachusetts healthcare providers are faced with freezes in reimbursements for patient care by Medicaid and other state programs while medical inflation is rising at 3% - 4% annually, and that Baystate is paid less than the cost of the care it provide.
The three hospitals of Baystate Health -- Baystate Medical Center in Springfield, Baystate Franklin Medical Center in Greenfield, and Baystate Mary Lane Hospital in Ware -- were underpaid $26.5 million by the state government for the cost of care for Medicaid patients in 2010. Medicaid patients represent 26% of the patient population at Baystate’s hospitals, resulting in significant financial loss for care of these patients.
With declining reimbursements, Baystate and other healthcare providers throughout Massachusetts are seeing patients hold back on medical care for reasons that include increased out of pocket costs and concern about time away from their jobs, all which have led to lower patient volumes.
Baystate Medical Center will bear the brunt of the layoffs, with 158 positions eliminated. Baystate officials declined to say what staffing areas were targeted for cuts, which will take effect Aug. 19. They said the cuts would not impact patient care. The 354 funded payroll cuts represent 3.5% of the 10,064 positions at Bayhealth.
Adventist Health has restructured its regional operations to create a new five-hospital network in northern California, the Roseville, CA-based health system has announced.
The newly named Northern California Network includes:
Frank R. Howard Memorial Hospital in Willits;
St. Helena Hospital Center for Behavioral Health;
St. Helena Hospital Clear Lake;
St. Helena Hospital Napa Valley;
Ukiah Valley Medical Center, in Ukiah,
The hospitals' service sites
Scott Reiner, executive vice president/COO and board chairman of the St. Helena Hospital region, said restructuring will strengthen operations across the region, as the five hospitals work toward a coordinated business model.
Terry Newmyer, president/CEO of the St. Helena Region, will assume the additional duties of vice president of Adventist Health and president/CEO of the Northern California Network. Before being appointed as president and CEO of the St. Helena region in 2009, Newmyer was senior vice president of business development for the Florida division of Adventist Health System and the chief development officer for the Florida Hospital Foundation.
"Terry's leadership of the St. Helena hospitals has been exemplary and their successes are well-documented,"" Reiner said. ""His guidance over the Northern California Network will allow us to expand services to communities throughout the region. Through business collaboration and care coordination, we will ensure patients experience excellence across the continuum of care."
Newmyer will lead the searches underway for the CEO positions at HMH and UVMC. Bill Wing, senior vice president of Adventist Health, will continue to chair the boards for HMH and UVMC.
Adventist Health is a faith-based, not-for-profit integrated healthcare delivery system with nearly20,000 employees in California, Hawaii, Oregon and Washington. The system includes 17hospitals with more than 2,500 beds, more than 130 physician and rural health clinics, 14 home care agencies and four joint ventureretirement centers.
The Medical Group Management Association says its survey shows that most practices want to become patient-centered medical homes, and finds challenges.
Nearly 70% of 341 physician leaders who replied to MGMA’s Patient Centered Medical Home Study: 2011 Report based on 2011 Data said were already in the process of transforming or interested in becoming a PCMH while more than 20% were accredited or recognized as a PCMH by a national organization.
The nationwide survey, conducted in April for Englewood, CO-based MGMA, found the 36% of practices interested in becoming a PCMH were in family medicine, followed by multispecialty practices with primary and specialty care (more than 30%), and pediatrics (more than 10%).
The study found that the top five most common processes practices engaged in as part of the PCMH model were:
Assigning patients to a primary care clinician (80%)
Addressing patients' mental health issues or concerns and referring them to appropriate agencies (70%)
Exchanging clinical information electronically with pharmacies (70%)
Involving patients and family members in shared decision making (70%)
Maintaining chronic disease registries (45%)
The study also indentified the top five challenges cited by PCMHs during their transformation:
Establishing care coordination agreements with referral physicians (50%)
Financing the transformation to PCMH (40%)
Coordinating care for high-risk patients (40%)
Modifying or adopting an EHR system to support PCMH related functions (40%)
Projecting financial effects (practice revenue, costs, etc.) of the transformation to PCMH (35%)
For existing PCMHs, 91% of study respondents said that they want one set of standards for PCMH evaluation. The majority of existing PCMHs were recognized through the National Committee for Quality Assurance; 70% of these reported earning Level 3 NCQA recognition. The accreditation or recognition process took the majority of respondents, on average, one year to complete.
Physician-owned practices represented less than 55% of accredited or recognized PCMHs compared to less than 25% for hospital-owned medical practices. Almost 45% of the respondents accredited or recognized as a PCMH were family medicine practices followed by multispecialty practices with primary and specialty care (almost 35%).
The survey also showed that as many as 75% of existing PCMHs reported they were participating in a pilot or demonstration. Ninety percent of pilot participants also were receiving fee-for-service payments from payers as part of the pilots and only 57% indicated receiving management fees.
In the span of an hour or so on Tuesday, Scranton, PA's hospital alignment underwent a seismic shift.
First, Community Health Systems, Inc. -- which acquired Scranton's Regional Hospital in April -- announced Tuesday morning that it will buy the nearby nonprofit Moses Taylor Health Care System. About one hour later, Geisinger Health System confirmed local media reports that it was acquiring the Community Medical Center, located near the CHS hospitals in Scranton.
CHS acquires Moses Taylor Health Care System "We are celebrating today. It's a great day for our community. The community is going to benefit. Our patients are going to benefit, and it's a tremendous stimulus in a market that has been long-identified as having to change," Moses Taylor CEO Karen Murphy, RN told HealthLeaders Media in an interview.
Murphy said the purchase price of the CHS acquisition would not immediately be made public because due diligence is still underway and the deal is not expected to be completed until 2012.
She said, however, that for-profit CHS will invest $60 million over five years in facility and technology upgrades for the health system, in addition to the $60 million the Franklin, TN-based for-profit hospital chain has committed for Regional Hospital.
"Our market is we have three acute-care hospitals within three city blocks. Our market just couldn't sustain the same business model," Murphy says. "We began a year ago to investigation possibilities. We were looking for a partner that would be able to provide capital and improve the quality and cost of healthcare of our community. With the collaboration between Scranton Regional and Moses Taylor, we are going to look at how we can increase quality and efficiency."
The health system includes the flagship 217-bed Moses Taylor Hospital in Scranton, the 25-bed Mid-Valley Hospital in Peckville, PA, and Physicians Health Alliance Inc. If the deal passes regulatory review, Moses Taylor will join the 13 hospitals in central and eastern Pennsylvania that are now affiliated with Franklin, TN-based CHS.
"The acquisition of Moses Taylor Health Care System will provide a compelling opportunity to expand our operations in northeast Pennsylvania, CHS Chairman/President/CEO Wayne T. Smith said in a media release.
"We look forward to working with the system's outstanding physicians and employees, who are part of a century-long tradition of providing high-quality, compassionate care for patients. We also look forward to new opportunities for collaboration, sharing of best practices, resources and expertise as we continue to expand and enhance the health services available in this region."
Moses Taylor and Regional will each continue to offer healthcare services on their respective campuses while the two hospitals work collaboratively to plan how they will deliver clinical services for the future. "Our agreement provides for a long-recognized community need — a consolidated healthcare delivery system," Murphy said.
The proceeds of the sale will be used to fund employee pension plans, retire the health system's liabilities and debt, and establish a nonprofit foundation to improve the health and well-being of the community.
The agreement assures:
Active employees will be hired into their same positions, at the same rate of pay and with their seniority recognized for a minimum of one year post-closing.
The health system providers will continue to provide charity care and participate in the Medicare and Medicaid programs.
A local board of trustees will be established in each of the organizations.
Moses Taylor will continue to participate in its residency and fellowship programs and will continue to support The Commonwealth Medical College.
CHS is one of the largest publicly-traded hospital companies in the nation and specializes in operating 133 acute care hospitals in non-urban and mid-size markets throughout 29 states. The announcement marks the completion of a 12-month exploration process.
Geisinger and Community Medical Center sign definitive agreement
Also Tuesday morning, not-for-profit Community Medical Center announced that it will merge and integrate into not-for-profit Geisinger.
"This has been a conscientious and deliberate decision, and we explored a number of options before our board unanimously voted to approve merger and integration into Geisinger," Robert P. Steigmeyer, CEO/president of CMC, said in a media release. "It was important for CMC to choose a quality-focused health system with proven success that mirrors our own charitable mission, values and standards of care."
As with CHS/Moses Taylor deal, Geisinger and CMC officials would not disclose the value of their merger. However, Danville, PA-based Geisinger said it would invest $158.6 million over seven years to enhance clinical programs, increase physician recruitment, expand and improve facilities, and implement new information systems—including Geisinger's electronic health record technology.
"This new relationship will allow the merged organization to build programs, grow services, improve health outcomes and demonstrate value," said Geisinger President/CEO Glenn D. Steele Jr., MD. "Together, we will enhance our ability to provide superior care and service for all the residents of Scranton and the surrounding area."
No layoffs for CMC's workforce are expected with the merger. The medical center will maintain its open medical staff that includes both employed and independent, community physicians. Steigmeyer will remain president/CEO at CMC, and two members of CMC's Board of Directors — Chair Jeff Jacobson and Vice Chair Virginia McGregor — will be added to the Geisinger Board of Directors.
The annual U.S. News & World Report hospital rankings generate significant marketing power for institutions that earn high honors. Just ask leadership at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore.
For the 21st straight year, Hopkins has been named the nation's top hospital in U.S. News & World Report's Best Hospitals 2011-2012, placing first in five specialties and in the top five in 10 other categories.
"No matter how historic or iconic, a building is merely bricks and mortar. It's the dedicated people within that building who make it truly great," Edward D. Miller, MD, dean and CEO of Baltimore-based Johns Hopkins Medicine, and Ronald R. Peterson, president of The Johns Hopkins Hospital and Health System and executive vice president of Johns Hopkins Medicine, said in a joint statement.
"It's our caring nurses and staff, the school of medicine's faculty physicians, residents and fellows, and our many community physicians, all of whom dedicate themselves daily to providing the finest care to their patients. You are at the center of our continual search for better treatment, better answers and better discoveries. Our Hospital is exceptional because our people are exceptional."
The other Top Five finishers on the magazine's Honor Roll include at No. 2 Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston; No. 3 Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, No. 4 Cleveland Clinic; and No. 5 Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles.
"Our purpose is to heal humankind, one patient at a time," said David Feinberg, MD, president of the UCLA Health System and UCLA associate vice chancellor for health sciences. "While we are pleased with this recognition, what really drives us is ensuring that every patient that comes through our doors gets care that is compassionate, safe, of the highest quality, and delivered with dignity and respect."
The 17 hospitals on the Honor Roll are picked from more than 5,000 hospitals in 94 metropolitan areas, and must rank at or near the top in at least six of the 16 specialties identified by U.S. News.
The latest rankings, issued Tuesday, showcase 720 hospitals, each of which is ranked among the country's top hospitals in at least one medical specialty and/or ranked among the best hospitals in its metro area.
"These are referral centers where other hospitals send their sickest patients," said Avery Comarow, U.S. News Health Rankings Editor. "Hospitals like these are ones you or those close to you should consider when the stakes are high."
The data used to measure the hospitals include death rates, patient safety, and procedure volume. Responses to a national survey, in which physicians were asked to name hospitals they consider best in their specialty for the toughest cases, also were factored in, U.S. News said.
"These are hospitals we call 'high performers.' They are fully capable of giving most patients first-rate care, even if they have serious conditions or need demanding procedures," Comarow said. "Almost every major metro area has at least one of these hospitals."
While popular with consumers and coveted among hospital marketers, the U.S. News rankings have generated questions about the objectivity of measures. In a study published in last year in the Annals of Internal Medicine, a Cleveland physician said the rankings were based on reputations that did not necessarily correlate with objective quality.
"I was thinking that if we did professional football this way, we would just say let's give the Super Bowl trophy to the Dallas Cowboys without them playing any games because they have a national reputation for being a good team," Ashwini Sehgal, MD, wrote. "I think the main message . . . is that the rankings are not really good measures of quality of care. They are simply measures of national reputation."