Elizabeth Rosenthal's eye-opening article about health care costs in The New York Times on Sunday was a reminder of how much more Americans pay for given procedures than citizens in health systems abroad. What was probably more surprising to most readers was the huge price differentials for identical procedures — not only across the United States, but even within American cities, where prices for a given procedure can vary tenfold. These price differentials, it should be noted, have never been shown to be related either to the cost of producing health care procedures or to their quality.