While there has been a huge push for U.S. healthcare providers to go digital, the effectiveness of health information technology products is questionable, critics say. Washington Post interviews with more than two dozen doctors, academics, patients, and computer programmers suggest that computer systems can increase errors, add hours to doctors' workloads, and compromise patient care. "Health IT can be beneficial, but many current systems are clunky, counterintuitive and in some cases dangerous," Ross Koppel, a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine who published a key study on electronic medical records in 2005, told the Post.